ACTIVITY PROFILE BETWEEN WINNER AND LOSER SILAT OLAHRAGA IN WOMEN CLASS D SINGAPORE 28th SEA GAMES 2015 (SINGAPORE VS MALAYSIA)
ABSTRACT
The
Malay martial art of pencak silat is an importance source of traditional acting
technique. The reason for this review is to decide the silat diversion related
statistic that separated between the winner and losing group in 28th Sea Games
Singapore 2015. The purpose of this study is to investigate the winning and losing factors of Singapore and Malaysia team in Silat Olahraga during
28th SEA Games Singapore 2015. Pencak Silat Women’s Tanding class D
65kg category semifinals between Singapore vs Malaysia. Many techniques are
used during this competition. For example punch, kick, topple, sweep, block and
many more. These techniques has been chose to analyzed the performance of Women
Singapore athlet. All the raw data collected from the match used the system
produced by Shapie et al.,(2013).
The notational analysis was used to record all the selected outcomes to
compliment this study such as hit target, hit elsewhere and miss opponent
indicators.
INTRODUCTION
Silat
is a collective word for native’s martial arts that originates from Indonesia.
It is traditionally practiced in Southern Thailand, Singapore, Vietnam, Brunei,
Philippines and also Malaysia. Silat is a combative art of Malay fighting arts.
Silat can be divided into two categories which are Silat Seni and Silat
Olahraga (Farrer, 2009). Since the beginning of the 18th century till today,
many silat practitioners still involve themselves in the kickboxing or Muay
Thai competition because the movements and principles are quite similar to
silat. There are exist of fundamental charges, times for each match, target
district to ambush the adversary and the scoring point for each of the range
that attacked (Aziz, Tan, and Teh, 2002). In September 1979, Jakarta was the
host of fourteenth SEA Games. At the point when the SEA amusements were held,
Indonesian Pencak Silat Federation (IPSA) introduced Pencak Silat Olahraga
(known as Silat Olahraga). They have been sorted out the guidelines since 1973.
According to Wilson (2003),
silat is a form several factors such as education from a tradition, a
self-defense, a spiritual and ritual components and now its establish as a
sport around the world. Pencak Silat brings to light very different
subjectivities, inter-subjectivities, and ways of objectifying the body in
regional- and national-level practice (Wilson, 2009). Silat is a term used to describe
the martial art forms practiced throughout the Malay Archipelago. It is also a
collective word for the native’s martial arts that begins from Indonesia. In
Malay dictionary, silat can be defined as a combination if art and intelligence
to perform attack and defense with a beautiful form. The combination of the
words Pencak and Silat into a compound word was made for the first time when an
organization of the unity of Pencak schools and Silat schools in Indonesia was
founded in Surakarta in 1948, which called Ikatan Pencak Silat Indonesia (The
Indonesian Pencak Silat Association), abbreviated as IPSI (Kartomi, 2011). Silat traditionally practiced in Southern
Thailand, Singapore, Vietnam, Brunei, Philippines and also Malaysia. It is
widely implemented in the form of art and sports competitions. Silat is one of
the sports included in the Southeast Asian Games (SEA Games) and other
region-wide competitions. In Malaysia, silat is a combative art of Malay
fighting arts. Silat is a fighting and survival art combination.. The other
source that defines silat is from the word of kilat (lightning) (Shamsuddin, 2005). According to Aziz et al., (2002)
pencak silat is divided by two categories which are silat olahraga and silat
seni. In Silat Seni (artistic), the performer will give 3 minutes to perform an
art or solo fighting. While in Silat Olahraga (contact), the motion can be
characterized into 13 different of motion such as fake kick, fake punch, block
and sweep, block and kick, block and punch, self-release, dodge, sweep, topple,
catch, block, kick and punch (Shapie et al., 2013).
The
uniqueness of Silat Olahraga is the rule. In the rule, there are exist of basic
commands, time for each match, target area to attack the opponent, and the
scoring point for each of the area that attacked. For the basic commands, the
‘wasit’ which is referee will issue the command 'Sedia', meaning 'ready'. Then,
he will shout 'Mulai', meaning 'begin'. Immediately the 'gong' will be struck.
When the wasit wants to stop the fight, he will shout 'Berhenti', meaning
'stop'. Every time the fighters step out of the ring, the wasit will stop the
fight and bring the fighters back to the center. If a fighter repeatedly steps
outside the ring, especially if stepping backwards, the wasit may issue a
penalty point. If pesilat continues to do that he may be given 2 penalty
points. If pesilat still continues to step out of the ring, the wasit may even
decide to end the fight and proclaim pesilat opponent the winner. There are
three rounds of fighting, 2 minutes for every round, with 1 minute rest between
each round.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The
data has been collected based on 28th Sea Games Singapore women 65kg class D
semifinals pencak silat tanding category between Singapore and Malaysia. The
video was collected by using the YouTube Channel. The winning and losing
participant will be identify and the game-related statistics were collected.
Every
match consists of 3 rounds in total of fighting. 2 minutes for every round,
with 1 minute rest interval between each round. The outcome used is hit target,
hit elsewhere and miss opponent.
1. Hit
target will be counted if the kick and topple is made hit the body pad or
target.
2. Hit
elsewhere if the kick and topple is made hit the other part of body that not hit
the target or body pad.
3. Miss
opponent will be counted when the kick or topple is made did not hit the
opponent.
MATCH ANALYSIS
The
data has been collected based on 28th Sea Games Singapore 2015 women 65kg class
D semifinals pencak silat tanding category between Singapore and Malaysia. Performance
of the player was analyzed using a notational analysis which is all indicators
were recorded manually through the video. The video were continual often to get
the precise measurement of each winners and losers.
MOTION CATEGORIES
According
to Shapie, M. M. et al. (2013),
Silat indicators were coded into 14 different types of categories and were
defined as follows:
1.
Punch:
According
to Latiff, (2012) the straight-punch and uppercut are the best techniques in
Silat. The punch ‘tumbuk’ attack is done by a hand with a closed fist hitting
the target. In silat punching is often used to fight the opponent. It can be a
straight punch ‘tumbuk lurus’ or uppercut ‘sauk’ to the exponent body’s.
2.
Kick:
The
kick ‘tendang / terajang’ is an attacking movement which is performed with one
leg or two legs simultaneously. A kick can be aimed at any target. It can be
front kick ‘tendang depan’, side-kick ‘depak’ or semi-circular side kick
‘tendang lengkar’.
3.
Block:
The
blocking movements begin with the posture position ‘sikap pasang’: the exponent
stands straight with his hands around his body or close to his chest. Blocking
or parrying ‘tangkisan’ can be done using arms, elbows and legs with the
purpose to block off or striking back at any attack.
4.
Catch:
The
catch ‘tangkapan’ is done by using the hand to obstruct the opponent from
carrying out an attack. The silat exponent is able to prevent himself from
being attacked by pointing the attack which he has caught to another direction.
A catch which twists or drags the opponent is forbidden. Also, a catch which
could break the part which is being held such as the leg and waist is also
forbidden. These regulations exist to protect the silat exponent’s.
5.
Topple:
There
are various ways of toppling down one’s opponent. For example, a silat exponent
‘pesilat’ can either push, shove the opponent’s back leg from the bag or from
the side, shove, hit, kick, strike or punch to make the opponent lose his
balance. Every fall is considered valid as long as the silat exponent topples
his opponent down without wrestling or he is able to overpower the opponent
whom he has brought down.
6.
Sweep:
Swiping
‘sapuan’ involves attacking an opponent’s leg which is on the ground to
unstabilise him and bring down to the ground. A silat exponent can perform this
attacking movement either with his right or left leg, Hence, front sweep
‘sapuan depan’ is done by swinging the leg to the front to push an opponent’s
front leg, while back sweep ‘sapuan belakang’ is carried out by swinging the
leg backward to hit the back leg.
7.
Dodge:
The
evade ‘elakan’ technique is carried out by silat exponent when he tries to
evade an attack. This technique does not require the silat exponent to touch
the opponent in fending off the attack. They are many ways of carrying out his
defensive movement such as dodging ‘gelek’, retreat ‘mundur’, evasion to the
side ‘elak sisi’, bending ‘elak serung’, jumping ‘lonjak’, ducking ‘susup’ and
etc.
8.
Self-Release:
Self-release
‘lepas tangkapan’ technique is a technique to unlock any clinch or catch from
an opponent.
9.
Block
and Punch:
The
blocking technique is used to block any hand or leg attack from the opponent
and followed by counter attack using the hand to punch the opponent.
10. Block and Kick:
The
blocking technique is used to block any hand or leg attack from the opponent
and followed by counter attack using the leg to kick the opponent.
11. Block and Sweep:
The
blocking technique is used to block any hand or leg attack from the opponent
and followed by counter attack using sweeping technique to the opponent.
12. Fake Punch:
An
action which a silat exponent intends to confuse the opponent using a fake
punch to break his opponent’s defensive posture.
13. Fake Kick:
An
action which a silat exponent intends to confuse the opponent using a fake kick
to break his opponent defensive posture.
14. Others:
Both
silat exponents are either in posture position ‘sikap pasang’ or coming close
to each other using silat step pattern ‘pola langkah’. All the activities are
considered high intensity except for others which at that time both silat
exponents are in low intensity periods.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
The observation generated data will be
frequency counted. Mean and standard deviation (SD) for all the marker has been
computed to locate the measurable factors that separated winning and losing
group. All the raw data collected from all matches use the system produced by Shapie, M. M. et al. (2013). Statistical
analysis and result was calculated using Statistical Package for Social
Scientists (SPSS) version 20. Independent T-Test was used to determine the
performance data between winner and loser. The video is notated at least two
times, and the data will be taken more accurate and precise. The frequency was
taken as data to be analyzed. The remark generated data will be regularity
counted, and every round of data will be composed to be analyzed. All the raw
data were exported into Microsoft Word and transferred into SPSS for further
detailed analysis. Mean and standard deviation (SD) for all the markers has
been computed to locate the measurable factors that separated winning and
losing individual.
RESULT
1. (Pencak Silat Women’s Tanding class D
65kg category semifinals)
Singapore
vs Malaysia (Singapore Lose)
Action
|
Outcome
|
|||
Hit elsewhere
|
Hit Target
|
Miss Opponent
|
Total
|
|
Block
|
4
|
4
|
||
Block and Kick
|
1
|
5
|
1
|
7
|
Block and Punch
|
4
|
4
|
8
|
|
Block and Sweep
|
2
|
2
|
||
Kick
|
1
|
16
|
3
|
20
|
Fake kick
|
2
|
|||
Punch
|
2
|
17
|
19
|
|
Fake punch
|
2
|
2
|
||
Self-release
|
1
|
1
|
||
Topple
|
2
|
7
|
9
|
|
Sweep
|
1
|
1
|
||
Catch
|
1
|
1
|
||
Dodge
|
1
|
1
|
||
Others
|
0
|
|||
Total
|
9
|
47
|
19
|
75
|
SWEEP
|
|||||
MALAYSIA
|
0
|
16
|
13
|
6
|
35
|
SINGAPORE
|
1
|
4
|
6
|
3
|
14
|
TOTAL
|
1
|
20
|
19
|
9
|
49
|
DISCUSSION
Pencak
Silat is a popular Asian martial art. This game is exceptionally intriguing in
light of the fact that it includes an ability that was a mix of hand to hand
fighting aptitudes, battling, and self-protection. The examination past is
states that silat competitors tought to be extraordinary in both kicking and
punching yet punching recurrence is lower than a kicking (Shapie et al., 2013).
However, silat competitors should create punching ability speedier and precise
in light of the fact that punching is the high rate effective of hitting target
contrast with kicking expertise in rivalry (Shapie et al., 2013).
The
match of Singapore vs Malaysia class D 65kg category which Singapore lose this
match, what can I observed from the video is Malaysia do more attacking than
Singapore. As we can see from the result, Singapore makes only 6 times punch
hit target, 4 times kick hit target and 3 times topple toward her opponent. As
we can see the sample paired test at the table above show, there are totally
different between winning and losing. This observation for the loser while for
the winner is Malaysia make more attacking during match. Singapore gives more
opportunity to Malaysia to make more attacking during match. In first round,
Malaysia do 5 times strike kicking towards Singapore and it show that Singapore
slower than Malaysia in make movement and attack towards her opponent and also
not even once give an opportunity towards Singapore to make some movement.
Malaysia makes 13 times punch hit target and 16 times kick hit target and 6
times topple towards her opponent for the whole match.
CONCLUSION
Based on the previous
study, punch hit target, kick hit target, sweep and topple skill was mostly used
for winning and losing team. The current study has provided a great
understanding of the information for the activity profile of silat by looking
at the activity involved in competition. Both of the exponents performed more
high intensity actions than low intensity actions.
Based on the observation,
Siti Rahmah Mohammed Nasir from the Malaysia team used a lot of technique or
skill that involve the higher point such as topple, punch, sweep and kick.
Nurul Suhaila Mohammed Saiful from the Singapore team should improve her skill
especially on punch, kick and sweep.
Based on the observation, her weakness had lack of speed and power on kicking,
punching, topple down and sweep. She should improve their fitness level
especially on speed and power to make better movement and very fast during
match. If Singapore team is able to increase the effectiveness of mass of their
training skills, they will produce a great momentum of their skills during competition.
This sport expose very
well in Malaysia and many folks want to involve this sport. This sport involves
high intensity in fitness level especially in speed and power. All the
competitor should improve and develop more fitness level especially in speed
and power if want to be more expert athlete in pencak.
RECOMMENDATION
Based on the result, the main factor
of Siti Rahmah from Malaysia to win the match are punching hit target and kick
hit target, because she given opportunity by Siti Suhaila from Sinapore to
punch and kick her as much as she can to get one point for one punch and kick. Singapore
need to improve their defensive skills to avoid for the opponent easily get the
point from them. Based on the result, I recommended that both attacking and
defensive skills should be balanced in their training programs. Attacks must be
hit target to get the points, but at the same time they have to increase their
blocking in order to avoid the opponents to get their points. Coaches must
plays the important role and consider these things. Meanwhile, the participant
should reduce the punch hit elsewhere because no point given for that punch. Topple
that hit the target is so important because it gives extra points. The skills
development for both attacking and blocking need to precise at time to time
based on training programs periodization. So, Siti Suhaila Mohammed Saiful must
keep improve their defensive and attacking skill. In addition, she need
experienced coaches from other countries to improve their tactical game which
is opponent easily predicted the move of her tactical game.
REFERENCES
M. M. Shapie, J. Oliver, P. O’Donoghue, & R. Tong.
(2013). Activity profile during action time in national silat competition. Journal
of Combat Sports and Martial Arts., 1(2), 81-86.
N. Shapie, J. Oliver, P. O'Donoghue, & R. Tong.
(2013). Activity profile during action time in national silat
competition. Journal of Combat Sport and Martial Arts, 4(1), 81-85.
Sport
Singapore. (2015). Pencak Silat Tanding SEA Games Singapore 2015. Retrieved at
December 4, 2017 from
Aziz,
A. R., Tan, B., & Teh, K. C. (2002). Physiological responses during matches
and profile of elite pencak silat exponents. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 1, 147-155.
Kartomi,
M. (2011). Traditional and modern forms of pencak silat in indonesia: The suku
mamak in riau. Musicology Australia, 33(1),
47-68. doi: 10.1080/08145857.2011.580716
Seneviratne,
P. (1993). Golden moments: The sea games
1959-1991: P. Seneviratne.
Shamsuddin,
S. (2005). The malay art of self-defense:
Silat seni gayong: North Atlantic Books.
Wilson,
I. D. (2003). The politics of inner
power: The practice of pencak silat in west java. Murdoch University.
Wilson,
L. (2009). Jurus, jazz riffs and the constitution of a national martial art in
indonesia. Body & Society, 15(3),
93-119. doi: 10.1177/1357034X09339103
APPENDIX
Singapore vs Malaysia (Singapore Lose). Siti
Suhaila Mohammed Saiful (SIN) vs Siti
Rahmah Mohamed Nasir (MAS)
Statistics
|
||
MALAYSIA
|
||
N
|
Valid
|
37
|
Missing
|
0
|
|
Mean
|
1.9189
|
|
Std. Error
of Mean
|
.17058
|
|
Std.
Deviation
|
1.03758
|
Statistics
|
||
SINGAPORE
|
||
N
|
Valid
|
14
|
Missing
|
23
|
|
Mean
|
2.21
|
|
Std. Error
of Mean
|
.300
|
|
Std.
Deviation
|
1.122
|
|
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